Complaint about enforced disappearance
Committee on Enforced Disappearances
- Which States it covers
- The State must have made the declaration under Article 31 of the Convention on Enforced Disappearance.
- Who can file
- The victim, a group of victims, or someone acting for them with their written consent. If you act without consent, you must explain why, for example because the victim is detained without contact with the outside world or has disappeared.
- Time limit
- No fixed deadline. File as soon as possible.
- Do I need to use national courts first?
- Yes. You must first use the courts and authorities of the State, up to the highest level. This is not needed if those remedies are unavailable, ineffective or unreasonably slow.
- Good to know
- The events must have happened after the State accepted the procedure, unless the violation continues. The same case cannot be pending before another international body. You can ask for your name to be kept from the public, but the complaint cannot be anonymous. Complaints are filed through the OHCHR online portal. It must also not have been examined before by another international body.
- How long it usually takes (estimate)
- Usually several years.
- What it can achieve
- Findings of violation and recommendations such as compensation, protection from deportation, investigation and prosecution, or changes to laws and policies.
- Do I need a lawyer?
- No. You can file the complaint yourself. Just Access e.V. offers free guidance at contact@just-access.de.
- What if my situation is urgent?
- If you face a risk of serious and irreparable harm, for example deportation to torture, you can ask the Committee for interim measures while it examines the case.
- Privacy and safety
- The procedure is confidential but the final decision is published. You can ask for your name to be withheld from the public. The State and the UN will know who you are. States must protect complainants from reprisals, but this is not always respected.
- What happens after the decision?
- If the Committee finds a violation, it tells the State what it must do to repair the harm. The State is asked to report on the steps taken within 90 or 180 days, and the Committee follows up. The decision cannot be appealed.
This portal is a first source of ideas, not a substitute for expert advice. Before you take any step, talk to a human rights lawyer, for example the team of lawyers at Just Access e.V. (contact@just-access.de).
Source: Official information.Last updated: 10 November 2026.
Where it is open
- AfghanistanNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- AlbaniaAvailable
Available: Albania has made the declaration under yes (article 31) accepting individual complaints
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations section(PDF p. 242)Last updated: 10 November 2026.
- AlgeriaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- AndorraNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- AngolaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Antigua and BarbudaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- ArgentinaAvailable
Available: Argentina has made the declaration under yes (article 31) accepting individual complaints
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations section(PDF p. 242)Last updated: 10 November 2026.
- ArmeniaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- AustraliaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- AustriaAvailable
Available: Austria has made the declaration under yes (article 31) accepting individual complaints
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations section(PDF p. 242)Last updated: 10 November 2026.
- AzerbaijanNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Bahamas (The)Not available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- BahrainNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- BangladeshNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- BarbadosNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- BelarusNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- BelgiumAvailable
Available: Belgium has made the declaration under yes (article 31) accepting individual complaints
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations section(PDF p. 242)Last updated: 10 November 2026.
- BelizeNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- BeninNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- BhutanNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Bolivia (Plurinational State of)Not available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Bosnia and HerzegovinaAvailable
Available: Bosnia and Herzegovina has made the declaration under yes (article 31) accepting individual complaints
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations section(PDF p. 242)Last updated: 10 November 2026.
- BotswanaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- BrazilNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Brunei DarussalamNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- BulgariaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Burkina FasoNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- BurundiNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Cabo VerdeNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- CambodiaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- CameroonNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- CanadaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Central African RepublicNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- ChadNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- ChileAvailable
Available: Chile has made the declaration under yes (article 31) accepting individual complaints
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations section(PDF p. 242)Last updated: 10 November 2026.
- ChinaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- ColombiaAvailable
Available: Colombia has made the declaration under yes (article 31) accepting individual complaints
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations section(PDF p. 242)Last updated: 10 November 2026.
- ComorosNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- CongoNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Cook IslandsNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Costa RicaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Côte d'IvoireNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- CroatiaAvailable
Available: Croatia has made the declaration under yes (article 31) accepting individual complaints
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations section(PDF p. 242)Last updated: 10 November 2026.
- CubaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- CyprusNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Czech RepublicAvailable
Available: Czech Republic has made the declaration under yes (article 31) accepting individual complaints
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations section(PDF p. 242)Last updated: 10 November 2026.
- Democratic People's Republic of KoreaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Democratic Republic of the CongoNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- DenmarkNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- DjiboutiNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- DominicaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Dominican RepublicNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- EcuadorAvailable
Available: Ecuador has made the declaration under yes (article 31) accepting individual complaints
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations section(PDF p. 243)Last updated: 10 November 2026.
- EgyptNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- El SalvadorNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Equatorial GuineaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- EritreaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- EstoniaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- EswatiniNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- EthiopiaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- FijiNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- FinlandAvailable
Available: Finland has made the declaration under yes (article 31) accepting individual complaints
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations section(PDF p. 243)Last updated: 10 November 2026.
- FranceAvailable
Available: France has made the declaration under yes (article 31) accepting individual complaints
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations section(PDF p. 243)Last updated: 10 November 2026.
- GabonNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- GambiaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- GeorgiaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- GermanyAvailable
Available: Germany has made the declaration under yes (article 31) accepting individual complaints
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations section(PDF p. 243)Last updated: 10 November 2026.
- GhanaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- GreeceNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- GrenadaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- GuatemalaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- GuineaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Guinea-BissauNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- GuyanaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- HaitiNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Holy SeeNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- HondurasNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- HungaryNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- IcelandNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- IndiaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- IndonesiaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Iran (Islamic Republic of)Not available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- IraqNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- IrelandNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- IsraelNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- ItalyNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- JamaicaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- JapanNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- JordanNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- KazakhstanNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- KenyaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- KiribatiNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- KuwaitNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- KyrgyzstanNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Lao People's Democratic RepublicNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- LatviaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- LebanonNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- LesothoNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- LiberiaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- LibyaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- LiechtensteinNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- LithuaniaAvailable
Available: Lithuania has made the declaration under yes (article 31) accepting individual complaints
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations section(PDF p. 243)Last updated: 10 November 2026.
- LuxembourgAvailable
Available: Luxembourg has made the declaration under yes (article 31) accepting individual complaints
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations section(PDF p. 243)Last updated: 10 November 2026.
- MadagascarNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- MalawiNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- MalaysiaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- MaldivesNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- MaliAvailable
Available: Mali has made the declaration under yes (article 31) accepting individual complaints
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations section(PDF p. 243)Last updated: 10 November 2026.
- MaltaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Marshall IslandsNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- MauritaniaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- MauritiusNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- MexicoAvailable
Available: Mexico has made the declaration under yes (article 31) accepting individual complaints
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations section(PDF p. 243)Last updated: 10 November 2026.
- Micronesia (Federated States of)Not available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- MonacoNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- MongoliaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- MontenegroAvailable
Available: Montenegro has made the declaration under yes (article 31) accepting individual complaints
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations section(PDF p. 243)Last updated: 10 November 2026.
- MoroccoNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- MozambiqueNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- MyanmarNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- NamibiaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- NauruNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- NepalNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Netherlands (Kingdom of the)Available
Available: Netherlands (Kingdom of the) has made the declaration under yes (article 31) accepting individual complaints
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations section(PDF p. 244)Last updated: 10 November 2026.
- New ZealandNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- NicaraguaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- NigerNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- NigeriaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- North MacedoniaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- NorwayNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- OmanNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- PakistanNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- PalauNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- PanamaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Papua New GuineaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- ParaguayNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- PeruAvailable
Available: Peru has made the declaration under yes (article 31) accepting individual complaints
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations section(PDF p. 244)Last updated: 10 November 2026.
- PhilippinesNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- PolandAvailable
Available: Poland has made the declaration under yes (article 31) accepting individual complaints
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations section(PDF p. 244)Last updated: 10 November 2026.
- PortugalAvailable
Available: Portugal has made the declaration under yes (article 31) accepting individual complaints
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations section(PDF p. 244)Last updated: 10 November 2026.
- QatarNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Republic of KoreaAvailable
Available: Republic of Korea has made the declaration under yes (article 31) accepting individual complaints
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations section(PDF p. 244)Last updated: 10 November 2026.
- Republic of MoldovaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- RomaniaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Russian FederationNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- RwandaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Sahrawi Arab Democratic RepublicNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Saint Kitts and NevisNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Saint LuciaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- SamoaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- San MarinoNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Sao Tome and PrincipeNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Saudi ArabiaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- SenegalNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- SerbiaAvailable
Available: Serbia has made the declaration under yes (article 31) accepting individual complaints
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations section(PDF p. 244)Last updated: 10 November 2026.
- SeychellesNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Sierra LeoneNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- SingaporeNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- SlovakiaAvailable
Available: Slovakia has made the declaration under yes (article 31) accepting individual complaints
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations section(PDF p. 244)Last updated: 10 November 2026.
- SloveniaAvailable
Available: Slovenia has made the declaration under yes (article 31) accepting individual complaints
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations section(PDF p. 244)Last updated: 10 November 2026.
- Solomon IslandsNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- SomaliaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- South AfricaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- South SudanNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- SpainAvailable
Available: Spain has made the declaration under yes (article 31) accepting individual complaints
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations section(PDF p. 244)Last updated: 10 November 2026.
- Sri LankaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- State of PalestineNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- SudanNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- SurinameNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- SwedenNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- SwitzerlandAvailable
Available: Switzerland has made the declaration under yes (article 31) accepting individual complaints
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations section(PDF p. 245)Last updated: 10 November 2026.
- Syrian Arab RepublicNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- TajikistanNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- ThailandNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Timor-LesteNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- TogoNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- TongaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Trinidad and TobagoNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- TunisiaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- TürkiyeNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- TurkmenistanNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- TuvaluNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- UgandaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- UkraineAvailable
Available: Ukraine has made the declaration under yes (article 31) accepting individual complaints
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations section(PDF p. 245)Last updated: 10 November 2026.
- United Arab EmiratesNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- United Republic of TanzaniaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- United States of AmericaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- UruguayAvailable
Available: Uruguay has made the declaration under yes (article 31) accepting individual complaints
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations section(PDF p. 245)Last updated: 10 November 2026.
- UzbekistanNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- VanuatuNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)Not available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- Viet NamNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- YemenNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- ZambiaNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.
- ZimbabweNot available
Not available: no ratification or declaration in the official record
Source: UN Treaty Collection, Chapter IV (IV-16), declarations sectionLast updated: 10 November 2026.